Algorithm

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

AES-CBC Bit Flipping Attack

AES-CBC Padding Oracle Attack

AES-ECB Padding Attack

Ansible Vault Secret

Atbash Cipher

Base32, Base64

Caesar Cipher

Camellia Cipher

Certificates

Cryptography

DES (Data Encryption Standard)

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography)

ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm)

Fernet

GPG (GNU Privacy Guard)

HMAC

KDBX Files

Kerberos TGT Cracking

Length Extension Attack

MD4, MD5

Multi-Tap Cipher

NTLM, NTLMv2

PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)

PKCS (Public-Key Cryptography Standards)

PowerShell Credentials

RAR (Roshal Archive)

RIPEMD

ROT13, ROT47

RPNG (Pseudo Random Number Generator) Guessing

RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman)

SHA1 Hash Collision Attack

SHA1, SHA256, SHA512

Transposition Cipher

Vigenere Cipher

Key Derivation Function

Bcrypt

PBKDF2

Scrypt

Tool

John the Ripper

Math

Chinese Remainder Theorem

Exponentiation

GCD (Greatest Common Divisor)

Modular Congruence

Quadratic Residue

Bit Wise Operation

AND Bitwise Operations

OR Bitwise Operations

Shift Bitwise Operations

XOR Bitwise Operations

Conversion

Convert Binary to Int in Python

Convert Bytes to Hex in Python

Convert Bytes to Int in Python

Convert Bytes to Matrix in Python

Convert Bytes to String in Python

Convert Character to Binary in Python

Convert Character to Unicode in Python

Convert Hex to Bytes in Python

Convert Hex to Int in Python

Convert Int to Binary in Python

Convert Int to Bytes in Python

Convert Int to Hex in Python

Convert Int to String in Python

Convert Matrix to Bytes in Python

Convert String to Binary in Python

Convert String to Bytes in Python

Convert String to Int in Python

Convert Unicode to Character in Python

Zero Padding in Python

Convert Int to Bytes in Python

Last modified: 2023-08-29

Cryptography

Conversion

Using the to_bytes built-in method in Python, we can conavert int to bytes.
In addition, we can specify the length to the first argument in to_bytes method.

Big Endian

By specifying 'big' to the byteorder argument, the result is the big endian bytes order.

num = 1234

num.to_bytes(2, byteorder='big')
# b'\x04\xd2'

num.to_bytes(3, byteforder='big')
# b'\x00\x04\xd2'

num.to_bytes(4, byteorder='big')
# b'\x00\x00\x04\xd2'

Little Endian

By specifying 'big' to the byteorder argument, the result is the little endian bytes order.

num = 1234

num.to_bytes(2, byteorder='little')
# b'\xd2\x04

num.to_bytes(3, byteorder='little')
# b'\xd2\x04\x00'

num.to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')
# b'\xd2\x04\x00\x00'

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Conversion